Bengal strangler fig

Seeds: 20  / Botanical name: Ficus benghalensis

A life at others' expense

The Bengal strangler fig shares only its botanical genus name with the common fig (Ficus carica), whose fruits we call figs. Its seeds are usually ingested by birds, pass through their digestive tract undamaged, and are typically excreted by the birds on the branches of other trees. Because they stick to the branches, the seeds germinate directly on the host tree's limb (epiphytically). Since, unlike parasitic plants, they do not penetrate the host tree, they initially live in symbiosis, sometimes posing no threat to the host. The strangler fig then develops aerial roots that eventually reach the ground. Afterward, the strangler fig's growth accelerates considerably, and the numerous aerial roots gradually encircle the host tree. The host tree then dies, and its decomposition provides the fig with additional nutrients. Ultimately, a hollow remains inside the strangler fig. The evergreen fig is very well suited for growing as a potted or container plant and can also naturally develop from seed as a single-stemmed plant.

Natural habitat: The banyan fig originates from northwestern India but is now widespread throughout Southeast Asia.